Month: October 2012

RAGA KALYANI

RAGA KALYANI

The seven svara-s are common to all the systems of music. The way the notes or the svara-s are rendered becomes a style of music. The seven svara-s are `sa, ri, ga, ma, pa dha, ni’ in the Karnatic or South Indian Classical Music. In the West, it is called as `Doh, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si’ (C, D, E, F, G, A, B). The notes `Sa’ and `Pa’ i.e the Tonic (sadja or sa) and the Dominant (pancama or pa) do not have varieties. The other notes `ri, ga, ma, dha, ni’ have varieties. Seven notes are formed with a lot of permutation and combination, in the South Indian Classical Music. They have been categorized under the 72 melakarta system which has the 72 scales called raga-s. They are called as the parent or Janaka raga-s. Raga Kalyani comes under the 65th mela. Technically speaking this raga belongs to the 11th chakra which is the Rudra Chakra and it is the 5th raga in that chakra. Known as Santhakalyani in the asampurna mela paddhati, it is called as Mechakalyani in the Melakarta Scheme. Kalyani takes the notes sadja (sa), chatussruti rishaba (ri-2), Antara Gandhara (ga-2), Prati Madyama (ma-2), pancama (pa), Chatussruti Dhaivata (dha-2), Kakali nishada (ni-2). The scale kalyani has the same notes in both the ascending and descending order i.e `s, r2, g2, m2, p, d2, n2, t-S’ and `t-S, n2, d2, m2, p, m2, g2, r2, s’. (t-S is used for notes which are an octave higher and the `t’ stands for tara sthayi). In Western notations this is written as `C, D, E, F#, G, A, B, C’.

It is a murchana karaka raga where by the process of model shift of tonic, the ragas Harikambhoji, Natabhairavi, Sankarabharanam, Kharaharapriya and Todi are derived by taking Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni as adhara Shadja respectively. The scale KALYANI seems to be an old and a popular raga.

WORLD MUSIC

It is seen in the Greek modes as the LYDIAN MODE. In the Tamil music it is called as the ARUM PALAI. In the Hindustani music (two systems make up the Indian Music, one is the Karnatic or the South Indian Classical Music and the other is the Hindustani Music), Kalyani is known as YAMAN. Known as Gu in China, the scale of Kalyani is seen in the Music of Africa, Hungary, Persia, Turkish, Arabic maqams and Jazz.

Ragmala Painting of Rag (Ragini) Yaman (Mushirabad 1765)

Kalyani is one of the Major raga-s in the South Indian Classical Music and it gives ample scope for improvisation. Almost all the composers have handled Kalyani and have composed many songs in different musical forms like the gitam, varnam, kriti, kirtana, Padam, Javali etc. A list of a few compositions of different composers are given below,

LAKSHYA GITAM 
Re re Trisulini - Tisra Triputa - Venkata Makhin

Kamalajadala  – triputa talam.

SWARAJATI Sa Ni Dha Pa -Rupakam - Swathi Tirunal

Vanajakshi (Varnam) – Adi talam

Vanajakshi (Varnam) – Ata talam – Pallavi Gopalayyar.

Kamalamba Ninnukori  - Adi - Ramaswami  Dikshitar
Sami niveyani Adi - Vadivelu
Sudati Ninnukori -Ata - Ponnaiah Pillai
PADA VARNAM Satura Kamini  -Adi - Swathi Tirunal

KRTI-s

Ethavunara (Krti) – adi talam – Saint Tyagaraja

Nidichala (Krti) – misra capu talam –  Saint Tyagaraja

Bhajanaseyave (Krti) – rupaka talam – Tyagaraja.

Kamalambam (Krti) – adi talam -Sri Muthuswamy Diksitar. (This is a group krti called as the Navavarna Krti-s).

Himadri sute (Krti) – tisra adi or Rupakam – Sri Syama Sastri

Biranavara (Krti) – Syama Sastri.

Adam seiya edu samayam – Adi – Ms Ganasaraswathy.

Pankaja lochana (Krti) –  Sri Swati Tirunal Maharaja.

Unnai allal (Krti) –  Sri Papanasam Sivan.

Biranavaralichi (Krti) Tisra Adi – Tarangambadi Panchanada Iyer.

Nijadasa – adi talam – Patnam Subramani Iyer.

Parengum (padam) – Adi tala – Ghanam Krishnayyar.

Sive pahimam – adi talam –Tyagaraja (group krti in praise of Lord Pranathartihara and Goddess Dharmasamvardini of Tiruvaiyaru).

Nammi Vachchina (KovurPancharatnam)-Rupakam-Tyagaraja

SundariNi Divya (Tiruvotriyur Pancharatnam)-Adi talam-Tyagaraja

Amma Ravamma-Jampa talam-Tyagaraja.

Vasudevayani (Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam)-Adi talam-Tyagaraja

Abhayamba-Adi talam-Muthuswamy Diksitar (belongs to the Abhayamba Navavarna Kriti-s).

Kumbeswaraya Namaste-Triputa talam- Muthuswamy Diksitar

Kamakshim Kalyaneem- Talam Tisra Ekam- Muthuswamy Diksitar

Sri Madurambike-Jampa talam – Muthuswamy Diksitar

Bhajare-Triputa talam – Muthuswamy Diksitar

Sri Mangalambike-Triputa talam – Muthuswamy Diksitar

Sivakameswarim-Adi talam- Muthuswamy Diksitar

Talli ninu nera-Misra-Syama Sastri

Ninuvinagati-Adi-Subbaraya Sastri.

Parengum Parthalum-Adi-Ghanam KrishnaIyer.

Kanna talli-Rupaka-Anai Ayya Brothers

PADAM Danidakkari -Adi-Ramaswamy Diksitar
Teliya vaccenaru - Misra Chapu- Ksetrajna
Niluvina Nilivedu - Misra Chapu - Ksetrajna
Rara Ayyalu -Adi - Ksetrajna
Endu Mama - Adi - Swathi Tirunal
Etahi kkandu -Rupakam -Subramanya Iyer
Ninnu Ne marathuna -Matyam - Ksetrajna
Neepomudu seyaka - Misra Chapu- Ksetrajna
Kintu Cheyvu -Adi - Swathi Tirunal
Entu mama - Adi - Ksetrajna
Tattai Mozhiyal -Adi -Subramanya Iyer
Iddhari sandhuna - Kshetrajna
Na manasu - Kshetrajna
Amma ituvandi - Ksethrajna
Tairyalunnai -Adi -Subramanya Iyer
JAVALI  Entati kuluke -Rupakam - Pattabhiramayya
THILLANA Thim tara tirana  -Simhanandana Talam - Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer
Nadiru diru  -Triputa - Swathi Tirunal
Ti m tara tani -Adi - Mysore Vasudevachar
RAGAMALIKAS featuring KALYANI
Valaci (Navaraga varnam) – Adi -Kothavasal Venkatarama Iyer
Nitya kalyani  - Sitaramayya
Jaya Jaya Gokula bala -Narayana Tirtha
Amba ninnu - Subbarama Dikshitar
Amba ninnu nera nammite -Garbhapuri
Ni sarilerani - Subbarama Dikshitar
Kaminchina Kalavati ra -Subbarama Dikshitar
Prantarttihara -Subbarama Dikshitar
Karpagavalli Ni – Inuvil Veeramani Iyer.
Garavamu Ganna dora -Subbarama Dikshitar
Vedukato -Subbarama Dikshitar
I Kanakambari - Subbarama Dikshitar

PALLAVI LINES

The famous Caturragamalika Pallavi:
Sankarabharananai azhait-todi vadi  kalya ni dharbarukku 
 Un darisanam Kitaikkumo Nataraja

It is seen that the compositions begin on `sa’, `ri’, `ga’, `pa’, `dha’ and `ni’. One of the Major raga-s.

Certain raga-s do not have all the seven svara-s and they are called as the janya raga-s. The raga-s take the svara-s from its respective parent or janaka raga-s. A list of some raga-s that take the svara-s of the Raga Kalyani are given below and these come under the janya raga-s of Kalyani.

Amrita Behag

Brindavana Saranga

Hamir Kalyani

Mohana Kalyani

Saranga

Sunada Vinodini

Swara Ranjani

Vandanadarini

Yamuna Kalyani

Sunadavinodini 
SarangaTarangini 
hamsavinodini

In Film music

Raga Kalyani seems to be a favorite among the Film music also. The song of Bharatiyar `Veenai adi Nee enakku’ in the film Ezaavadu Manidan (Music by L Vaidyanathan), `Amma endrazhaikaada’ in the Film Mannan, `Janani Janani’ in the film Thai Mookambikai, Sindhanai sei – Ambikapathy, Mannavan Vandanadi 0 Tiruvarutchelvar, Sakti Kodu – Baba  etc are all in the Raga Kalyani.

Therapy

Music therapists have confirmed the positive effects on the sleep inducing quality of  Kalyani.

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Sugamana Ragangal

Im hosting a special progam for Kalaignar TV – Morning Sugamana Ragangal —8. 30 am – Ragas in Carnatic Music, Tamil Film music, World Music / Fusion / Folk and Music Therapy…….Ragas featured in the month of October

Vamsavati – Oct 1st (Vamsavati)

Kokiladhvani – Oct 3rd (Tolinenuje)

Kaikavasi – Oct 4th (Vachamagocharame)

Sindu Kannada -Oct 5th (Nannukannathalli)

Thilang – Oct 8th (Prabo Ganapathe, Santhi Nilava vendum)

Oct 9th

Umabharanam  – Oct 10th (Nijamarmamulanu)

Suddha Bangala – Oct 11th  (Tolinejesina)

Kedaram – Oct 15th (Bhajana seya)

Saramati – Oct 16th (Mokshamugalada)

Salagabhairavi – Oct 17th (Padavini and Tyagarajena)

Anandabhairavi – Oct 18th (Himachala, Paluke, Singaravelavan vandan)

Antholika – Oct 19th (Sevikka Vendumayya)

Swarasamodini – Oct 22nd (Karadhare)

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